Ever wonder what qualities make a software engineer good? I know what you’re thinking: “How good is the guy’s code?” or “How proficient is his problem-solving ability?” Alright, so he excels at both coding and resolving challenging problems. nevertheless, why? What particular traits of an engineer support these attributes that developers look for?

People in the vast field of software engineering have a wide range of educational backgrounds, nationalities, and experiences. Notwithstanding all of these apparent distinctions, great software engineers share traits, abilities, and traits that enable them to function effectively in a variety of projects in a rapidly evolving environment. Let’s examine these developer characteristics in more detail to discover the attributes that underlie nebulous concepts like “problem-solving” and “teamwork.”

The study of computer science and engineering applied to the design, development, testing, and maintenance of software systems is known as software engineering. It entails using organized, methodical ways to software development in order to guarantee that the final result is dependable, effective, and fits the needs of businesses and customers. SE uses a variety of procedures, ideas, and approaches to create software that is of the highest caliber.

The technical know-how required to produce effective programs and apps is known as software developer skills. They usually entail writing source code, which is the collection of words and symbols that makes a program work, using mathematical understanding and problem-solving skills. There are many different kinds of talents to pick up, such as computer systems and digital tools. Many software developers learn them through classes in a computer science degree program or certification course.

Technical Skills Needed to Become a Software Developer

1. Coding languages

Coding languages are the different types of source code a person can write for a software program. It’s important for software developers to specialize in at least one type of coding language so they can increase the number of job opportunities they can receive, as hiring managers often expect candidates to have expertise. To choose a language to learn, try to determine which type of program aligns with your interests. For example, some options may work better for mobile application development while others may suit video game design instead.

Here are some common coding languages to learn:

• JavaScript: This option helps developers design the system for an interactive website application, like a webpage that displays certain information after a user clicks on a button.
• HyperText markup language (HTML): You can use this standardized option to display text and image content on a website application, such as paragraphs, bulleted lists and charts.
• Cascading styles sheets (CSS): This option allows you to add fonts, colors and spacing to text content on a website application. As a result, many developers know HTML and CSS and use both languages at the same time.
• Python: This option is a multi-faceted programming language that allows you to accomplish varied software development tasks, including code writing for an entire program or tracking errors in the language. It has a simple structure, so it may be easier to learn than some options.
• C++: This programming language can help you develop programs that optimize hardware capabilities, such as medical equipment software. Many video game developers use C++ as they can design complex gaming systems with high-quality computer graphics.
• Java: This language can allow you to create programs and applications across different computer systems. Video game developers also use Java to create high-quality video games, as it has a similar structure to C++ with fewer complexities.

2. Database knowledge

Databases are electronic systems that allow individuals to organize and structure information, particularly records for a company. Software developers must know how to search for information, input new lines of data in a table format and update a system with new materials. They also understand how to secure a database and backup data to preserve a company’s information during any unforeseen circumstances. To operate a database, it may be helpful to learn a standardized source code called Structured Query Language (SQL), which can allow you to operate varied systems for different companies.

3. Data structures and algorithms

Data structures are different organizational methods for storing information in a database, while algorithms describe the process required to complete tasks. Software developers often know many data structures and algorithms to determine which combination can help them optimize information in a program’s code. For instance, a completed array structure can store different variations of the same type of data, such as a writing program that stores font information. If the developer used the correct algorithm, users can choose a type of font and its size.

To learn different data structures, it may be helpful to take a relevant course that teaches you how to build and implement them in a program. Here are some certification courses you can take:

• Coursera’s Data Structures and Algorithms Specialization
• Udemy’s JavaScript Algorithms and Data Structures Masterclass
• EdX’s Professional Certificate in Data Structures and Algorithms
• Udacity’s Data Structures and Algorithms Nanodegree Certification

4. Source control

Source control management (SCM) describes a system that helps a software development team track updates and changes to a program’s coding language. It allows each developer an opportunity to work on the code separately, and then merge their efforts into one version. SCM systems can generate a list of code revisions and help you restore a language to a previous state if necessary. It may be helpful to learn how to use a type of SCM system, as companies often require software developers to work in teams on the same coding projects.

Companies and individual developers often use a program called Git, which is an SCM application that allows you to store different versions of a program code in one folder system. It uses a branch system to organize each project, meaning a primary branch represents the original version of a code, while any additional branches that connect to it represent alterations or modifications. Git is also an open-source program, meaning it’s available for anyone to use.

5. Testing procedures

Every software program requires an intricate testing process before a company can release it to consumers. It involves using a series of digital tools to ensure that a product functions and fulfills its design requirements. It also involves checking a program’s ability to function on different hardware devices and store confidential information. As companies often design their testing processes based on a few critical components, it may be helpful for a software developer to understand fundamental aspects before applying to job positions.

Read Also: How to Become a Software Engineer Fast

Here are three components of software testing that developers know:

• Unit testing: This test involves evaluating individual lines or areas of code to determine if they require modification. Developers often create a different unit test for every project they complete to ensure they examine a program’s key elements.
• Integration testing: Software developers use this testing process to determine whether they can merge different areas of a program’s code successfully. They can also use integration testing to observe how one software program interacts with the code of another.
• System testing: After integration testing is complete, an external testing professional typically conducts this process to determine if a product fulfills user expectations. It’s important for a software developer to understand the steps of this process, as testing professionals often communicate critical suggestions for alterations.

6. Debugging knowledge

Debugging is a software development process to address and remove errors in a program’s coding language. It involves running a program through specialized software to observe each error, then using problem-solving skills to determine which part of a code caused it to occur. Many software developers debug their code while writing it to better ensure it’s functional in the testing stage. It’s important to learn how to use debugging software so you can learn fundamental strategies for removing errors and developing an effective process.

7. Operating systems

Operating systems describe software that configures a device’s hardware and allows a program to run. Microsoft Windows, macOS and Linux are the primary operating systems for computers, while iOS and Android are two common options for mobile phones. It may be helpful for a software developer to develop some expertise in the aforementioned different types, as you can better conduct testing procedures and transfer lines of code between them. Depending on your preferences and the requirements of a job position, you can also specialize in developing program code for one system.

8. Text editing software

Text editing software is a program that allows developers to create and edit plain text, which is a standard file that removes any formatting used in word processors. Software developers often use text editing software to write the text and symbols required for a coding language, as it allows them to transfer the code into another system and add formatting seamlessly. It’s important to develop expertise in one type of text editing software so you can list it as a skill on a resume and streamline your software development process overall.

Here are some examples of common text editing software:

• Atom: This option is open-source and optimized for software developers, meaning it provides access to Git and other useful program tools.
• TextMate: You can use this software on macOS operating systems and it includes interface support for all programming languages.
• Notepad++: This open-source software works on Microsoft Windows operating systems and has multiple customization options, including the ability to merge with another development program.
• Brackets: You can use this program on Microsoft Windows, macOS and Linux operating systems and merge it with software that uses Git or similar development tools.

9. Cryptography

Cryptography is a method of obscuring confidential data using an encryption code or password, often called a key It involves using an algorithmic formula to develop a corresponding decryption code, which can reveal the original data to a user. Software developers often use encryption techniques to prevent external agents from learning information about a product. Two primary types of cryptography to learn include symmetric encryption, which involves one key, and asymmetric encryption, which involves two keys to unlock the original data.

10. Software frameworks

A software framework is an application that developers can use to create a program using previously established information, such as lines of code you previously wrote or software knowledge from other developers. Each operating system has a different framework that typically incorporates the most common programming languages. They may include some predetermined structures and features that can streamline the development of software code. For example, you can use the .NET framework to create code on a Microsoft Windows system, use Cocoa for a macOS computer system or Cocoa Touch for an iOS mobile device.

11. Cloud platforms

Cloud platforms describe the hardware and software required to run a company’s remote database, now often called the cloud. Configuring this type of platform typically involves knowledge about coding languages and server management, which are common skills for software developers. As many companies use these platforms to store information, it may be helpful to build a skill in developing programs and applications that use cloud-based technology. For example, you can become certified in using Amazon Web Services (AWS), which is a cloud platform brand multiple businesses purchase and use.

12. Spreadsheet software

Spreadsheet software allows individuals to organize data sets and make calculations. It may be helpful to learn how to use a spreadsheet program, as a company may require software developers to track their data and project progress. You can also use a spreadsheet to solve any necessary equations or organize information before transferring it to a larger database system.

How to Become a Software Engineer

A career as a software engineer is exciting and full of opportunities for learning and development in the ever-changing digital sector. This road map will walk you through the process of becoming a software engineer and starting a fulfilling career in technology, regardless of where you are in your job or whether you are thinking about changing careers.

Step 1: Lay a Strong Educational Foundation

Establishing a solid educational background is the first step. Most software engineers hold a bachelor’s degree in computer science or a related field.

Step 2: Master Programming Languages

Programming is the heart and soul of software engineering. Depending on your career goals, you must become proficient in Python, Java, JavaScript, C++, etc. Begin by learning the basics and gradually move on to more advanced topics.

Step 3: Dive into Data Structures and Algorithms

They are the building blocks of software development. These concepts are essential for solving complex problems efficiently. Invest time in understanding how data structures work, practice implementing algorithms, and learn how to analyze their time and space complexity.

Step 4: Build Personal Projects

Hands-on experience is crucial in software engineering. Create personal projects to apply what you’ve learned. Start with small, manageable projects and gradually work up to more complex ones. Building your own applications or websites will improve your skills and give you a portfolio to showcase to potential employers.

Step 5: Contribute to Open Source

Collaborating on open-source projects is a fantastic way to gain real-world experience, work with experienced developers, and give back to the community. It’s an opportunity to improve your coding skills, learn from others, and build a reputation in the software engineering world.

Step 6: Seek Internships and Co-op Programs

Internships and co-op programs with tech companies provide invaluable hands-on experience and insight into the industry. Apply for these opportunities to gain exposure to real-world software engineering projects and learn from professionals.

Step 7: Network and Connect

Networking is an essential part of any career. Attend tech meetup conferences and join online forums to connect with professionals in the field. Use platforms like LinkedIn to build your professional network and stay updated on industry trends.

Step 8: Keep Learning

The tech industry constantly evolves, so staying up-to-date is crucial. Consider pursuing certifications, online courses, or additional degrees to expand your knowledge and skills.

Step 9: Prepare for Technical Interviews

When you’re ready to enter the job market, be prepared for technical interviews. Practice coding challenges, algorithm questions, and system design discussions. Many resources, including books, websites, and coding platforms like LeetCode and HackerRank, are available to help you prepare.

Step 10: Start Your Software Engineering Career

Once you’ve acquired the necessary skills and prepared for interviews, apply for software engineering positions. Optimize your curriculum vitae and cover letter to highlight your skills and experiences. Be open to entry-level positions to gain practical experience and work your way up.

Final Thoughts

The prospects for software engineers are promising in the next decade and are expected to remain high. Emerging fields like AI, cybersecurity, and cloud computing offer exciting growth opportunities.

Below is what you should expect to earn.

1. Entry-Level Software Engineer:

• Median Salary: $70,000 – $100,000 per year
• Entry-level software engineers typically have 0-2 years of experience and may hold bachelor’s or master’s degrees in computer science or related fields.

2. Mid-Level Software Engineer:

• Median Salary: $100,000 – $140,000 per year
• Mid-level engineers have 2-5 years of experience and often take on more complex responsibilities in software development.

3. Senior Software Engineer:

• Median Salary: $130,000 – $180,000 per year
• Senior engineers possess 5+ years of experience and are responsible for leading projects, making architectural decisions, and mentoring junior engineers.

4. Lead Software Engineer / Software Development Manager:

• Median Salary: $150,000 – $220,000+ per year
• These roles come with significant experience and often involve technical leadership, project management, and decision-making.

5. Principal Engineer / Technical Director / VP of Engineering:

• Median Salary: $180,000 – $300,000+ per year
• These high-level positions require extensive experience, and deep technical expertise and often involve setting technical strategies for a company.