Consumers and organizations worldwide are becoming accustomed to the idea that important data collection, processing, and analysis are increasingly taking place at the extreme reaches of technological infrastructure. The Internet of Things (IoT) is the primary driver of this movement, with 64 billion IoT devices expected globally by 2026. According to Business Insider, spending on IoT devices, solutions, and support systems is estimated to total about $15 trillion.
IoT activities range from smart homes and smart cities to fitness tracking and inventory management. By the end of this year, there will be an estimated two to six linked IoT devices for every live person on the planet, considerably exceeding the total number of smartphones, tablets, and laptops.
Let us begin learning about IoT cybersecurity beginning with the risks.
Growing IoT Cybersecurity Risks
Of course, the rapid rise of the IoT business poses substantial cybersecurity risks. Attacks against IoT devices increased threefold in the first half of 2019. The Symantec 2019 Internet Security Threat Report demonstrates that cyberattacks on IoT systems are rapidly advancing in sophistication. This includes malware or worms that can infiltrate smart equipment like Linux-based internet routers and use them to commit other crimes like denial of service assaults or illegal mass marketing. Attacks on industrial control systems, as well as military and economic infrastructure, are on the rise.
A major problem in developing IoT security protocols is the lack of existing standards, which is due to the complexity of the IoT ecosystem and the large number of devices from a variety of suppliers globally. The Department of Homeland Security’s Science and Technology (S&T) Directive has just published a set of best practices for firms to safeguard their IoT equipment. The directive separates security into three major segments:
- Detection: Understanding exactly which IoT devices and components are connected to a given network or system.
- Authentication: Verifying the identity and origin of IoT devices to detect and prevent spoofing.
- Updating: Continually maintaining, updating, and upgrading IoT security capabilities to stay ahead of hackers and cybercriminals.
With those basic guidelines in mind, companies are learning to tackle IoT security breaches with tangible new strategies, according to a recent list of solutions. Among the most effective strategies:
- Maintain accurate data on each IoT device to gauge the level of potential risk
- Proactively identify cyber threats to anticipate and prevent breaches
- Restrict access to sensitive data
- Continually monitor who is accessing each device
- Frequently backing up all the data the IoT device gathersÂ
These core steps provide a roadmap that cybersecurity professionals can follow to create a comprehensive IoT security framework.
1. Lack of Standardization
One of the biggest challenges in IoT security is the lack of standardization. IoT devices come from various manufacturers with different security protocols, making it difficult to ensure consistent security measures. This fragmented landscape leaves many devices vulnerable to attacks.
2. Limited Computational Resources
Many IoT devices are designed to be small and cost-effective, which often means they have limited computational power and storage. This limitation restricts the implementation of advanced security measures like encryption and intrusion detection systems.
3. Inadequate Security Practices
Many IoT devices are deployed with default passwords and outdated firmware, making them easy targets for hackers. In a study by Symantec, it was found that 15% of IoT device scans identified devices with known vulnerabilities that were never patched.
4. Complex Network Topologies
IoT networks are often complex and dynamic, with devices constantly connecting and disconnecting. This complexity makes it challenging to monitor and manage security across the entire network.
5. Data Privacy Concerns
IoT devices collect vast amounts of personal and sensitive data. Ensuring the privacy and integrity of this data is crucial. Any breach can lead to significant legal and financial repercussions, especially with stringent data protection regulations like GDPR.
Effective Solutions for IoT Cybersecurity
1. Implement Strong Authentication
Ensuring that only authorized devices and users can access the IoT network is fundamental. Multi-factor authentication (MFA) and strong, unique passwords for each device can significantly enhance security.
2. Regular Firmware Updates
Manufacturers and users must ensure that IoT devices are regularly updated with the latest firmware. These updates often contain patches for known vulnerabilities. Automated update mechanisms can help maintain security without requiring manual intervention.
3. Network Segmentation
Segmenting IoT devices into separate networks can contain potential breaches and prevent attackers from moving laterally across the network. For instance, separating consumer IoT devices from critical business systems can reduce risk.
4. Encryption of Data
Encrypting data at rest and in transit ensures that even if data is intercepted, it remains unreadable to unauthorized parties. Lightweight encryption algorithms can be employed to accommodate devices with limited resources.
5. Secure Boot Processes
Implementing a secure boot process ensures that a device only runs trusted software. This measure can prevent malicious software from being executed during startup.
6. Regular Security Audits
Conducting regular security audits and penetration testing can help identify and mitigate vulnerabilities before they are exploited. This proactive approach is essential for maintaining a robust security posture.
7. Educating Stakeholders
Awareness and training programs for developers, manufacturers, and end-users are crucial. Understanding the importance of security practices and how to implement them can significantly reduce the risk of IoT-related breaches.
Read Also: The Importance of Incident Response Planning
The fast proliferation of IoT devices provides considerable benefits while posing new obstacles. While we value the convenience and efficiency of IoT technology, it is critical to address the associated cybersecurity threats. We can protect our IoT ecosystem and maximize its potential by implementing strong security measures and developing a security-conscious culture.
Investing in IoT cybersecurity encompasses more than just device protection; it also includes data security, privacy, and user trust. As we progress in this interconnected world, prioritizing security is critical to creating a safer, smarter tomorrow.
IoT Security Best Practices
To ensure IoT device security and IoT network security, here are some best practices to bear in mind:
Keep up to date with device and software updates
When buying an IoT device, check that the vendor provides updates and consistently apply them as soon as they become available. Software updates are an essential factor in IoT device security. Devices that use out-of-date IoT software are easier for hackers to compromise. Your IoT device may send you automatic updates, or you might have to visit the manufacturer’s website to check for them.
Change default passwords on IoT devices
Many people use the same login and password for every device they use. While it’s easier for people to remember, it’s also easier for cybercriminals to hack. Make sure every login is unique and always change the default password on new devices. Avoid using the same password across devices.
Use strong passwords for all devices and your Wi-Fi network
A strong password is long – made up of at least 12 characters and ideally more – and contains a mix of characters, such as upper- and lower-case letters plus symbols and numbers. Avoid the obvious – such as sequential numbers (“1234”) or personal information that someone who knows you might guess, such as your date of birth or pet’s name. A password manager can help you to keep track of your login credentials.
Change your router’s name
If you keep the router name given by the manufacturer, it could allow snoopers to identify the make or model. Instead, give your router a new name – but make sure that whatever you choose doesn’t disclose any personal identifiers such as your name or address.
Use a strong Wi-Fi encryption method
Using a strong encryption method for your router settings – i.e., WPA2 or later – will help to keep your network and communications secure. Older WPA and WEP versions are vulnerable to brute force attacks.
Set up a guest network
If your router gives you the option, consider creating a guest wireless network, also using WPA2 or later, and protected with a strong password. Use this guest network for visitors: friends and family may be using devices that have been compromised or infected with malware before using your network. A guest network helps to enhance your overall home network security.
Check the privacy settings for your IoT devices
Your IoT devices probably come with default privacy and security settings. It’s a good idea to read through these and change the settings where appropriate to ensure they are set to a level you are comfortable with. In a similar vein, it’s worth reviewing privacy policies to understand how the provider stores and uses your personal data.
Keep track of device available features and disable the unused features
Check the available features on your devices and switch off any that you don’t use to reduce potential attack opportunities. For example, consider a smartwatch – its primary purpose is to tell the time. But it will probably also use Bluetooth, Near-Field Communication (NFC), or voice activation. If you are not using these features, they provide more ways for an IoT hacker to breach the device, with no added benefit for the user. Deactivating these features reduces the risk of cyberattacks.
Enable multi-factor authentication where possible
Multi-factor authentication (MFA) is an authentication method that asks users to provide two or more verification methods to access an online account. For example, instead of simply asking for a username or password, multi-factor authentication goes further by requesting additional information, such as an extra one-time password that the website’s authentication servers send to the user’s phone or email address. If your smart devices offer MFA, use it.
Understand what IoT devices are on your home network
Review all devices communicating across your network and understand what they do. Some of these devices may now be older models – consider whether upgrading to newer devices could offer greater IoT security features.
Be careful when using public Wi-Fi
You might want to manage your IoT devices through your mobile device when you’re out and about – for example, in a coffee shop, shopping mall, or airport. It’s essential to be aware of the security risks involved in using public Wi-Fi. One way you can mitigate these risks is by using a VPN.
By being mindful of IoT cyber security and following IoT security best practices, it is possible to minimize risks.
Strategies for Strengthening IoT Cybersecurity
To improve IoT cybersecurity, a variety of solutions are used, including robust authentication and encryption, regular updates and patch management, and network segmentation and monitoring. These measures can help to reduce vulnerabilities and improve the overall security of IoT devices and networks, assuring the safe and efficient operation of IoT systems.
Organizations may safeguard IoT devices and data from unauthorized access and alteration by deploying strong authentication and encryption protocols. Regular updates and patches for IoT devices and software can help to reduce vulnerabilities and improve overall security. Finally, network segmentation and monitoring can assist prevent widespread failures and detect suspect activity in IoT systems.
Adopting these techniques allows enterprises to effectively address the security concerns associated with IoT devices and networks, protecting their systems and assuring the IoT ecosystem’s continuous growth and success.
Implementing Strong Authentication and Encryption
Strong authentication and encryption methods play a crucial role in protecting IoT devices and data from unauthorized access and tampering. These security measures can help to ensure the integrity of data and communications, as well as provide a secure way to authenticate users. Examples of strong authentication include biometrics, tokens, and private keys, which offer a secure and reliable means of user verification.
By implementing strong authentication and encryption measures, organizations can effectively safeguard their IoT devices and networks, reducing the risk of cyber-attacks and ensuring the security of sensitive data.
Regular Updates and Patch Management
Ensuring regular updates and patches for IoT devices and software is essential to minimizing vulnerabilities and improving overall security. Updates and patches can help address potential security risks and enhance the functionality of IoT devices, preventing cybercriminals from exploiting known vulnerabilities in the system.
To maintain device updates in IoT security, organizations should regularly check for updates, utilize automated patching tools, and employ secure patching protocols. By keeping their IoT devices and software up to date, organizations can effectively reduce the risk of security breaches and maintain a secure IoT ecosystem.
Network Segmentation and Monitoring
Network segmentation and monitoring are critical strategies for securing IoT systems and preventing widespread failure. By dividing a computer network into smaller parts or sub-networks, network segmentation can enhance network performance by reducing the amount of traffic on the network and bolstering security by segregating sensitive data and systems from the rest of the network.
In addition to network segmentation, monitoring networks is essential for detecting suspicious activity and potential threats. Through this process, organizations can identify potential risks and take preventive measures before they become an issue, ensuring robust network security.
By implementing both network segmentation and monitoring, organizations can effectively safeguard their IoT systems and ensure the security and functionality of their connected devices.
Finally
As the Internet of Things (IoT) continues to spread and transform industries throughout the world, enterprises must prioritize cybersecurity and install strong security measures to protect their devices and networks. By doing so, we can secure the IoT ecosystem’s continuous growth and prosperity, which will benefit businesses, consumers, and society in general.
